Earthquakes strength and location are determined by a seismograph. "a seismograph is equipped with sensors that can detect ground motions caused by seismic waves capable of detecting ground motion as small as 1 billionth of a meter. http://library.thinkquest.org/03oct/01424/how_are_earthquakes_measured.htm
b) There are 3 types of magma
- "Basaltic magma -- SiO2 45-55 wt%, high in Fe, Mg, Ca, low in K, Na
- Andesitic magma -- SiO2 55-65 wt%, intermediate. in Fe, Mg, Ca, Na, K
- Rhyolitic magma -- SiO2 65-75%, low in Fe, Mg, Ca, high in K, Na"
Magmas can form into the earth if the earth is hot enough to melt the rocks. Magma is an naturally occuring liquid such as water, the difference is however magma pollutes the earth and is a very high temperature.
c) Volcanoes effect the earths atmosphere by "pumping dust and various types of gases into the air when they erupt." http://www.madsci.org/posts/archives/1997-05/860504639.Es.r.html
The smaller dust particles in the upper atmosphere or stratosphere may be there for weeks or months until they settle out, but until then they block the sunlight and cool large areas of the earth. They also release alot of gases into the air which pollutes the environment. So if there was alot of volcanic eruptions in a little period of time it would cause alot of problems to the earth such as "the carbon dioxide levels may contribute to global warming."http://www.madsci.org/posts/archives/1997-05/860504639.Es.r.html
Volcanoes also effect the hydrosphere when they erupt because they can cause a discharge that pollutes the water supply.
http://egsc.usgs.gov/isb/pubs/teach-pack/volcanoes/poster/graphics/posterfig1.jpg
http://news.bbc.co.uk/cbbcnews/hi/newsid_4130000/newsid_4132300/4132319.stm
Bibliographies
http://library.thinkquest.org/03oct/01424/how_are_volcanoes_measured.htm
http://www.madsci.org/posts/archives/1997-05/860504639.Es.r.html
http://rlybest2.blogspot.com/2009/02/how-do-volcanoes-change.html
http://www.tulane.edu/~sanelson/geol204/volcan&magma.htm .
http://www.tulane.edu/~sanelson/geol204/volcan&magma.htm .
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